Laser Eye Surgery Christchurch Laservision Eye Clinic Lasik Eye Surgery

Glossary of Terms

A
Ablate:
In surgery, is to remove.
Ablation zone:
The area of tissue that is removed during laser surgery.
Accommodation:
The ability of the eye to change its focus from distant objects to near objects.
Acuity:
Clearness, or sharpness of vision.
Astigmatism:
A distortion of the image on the retina caused by irregularities in the cornea or lens.

C
Cataract:
A clouding of the lens of the eye.
Cornea:
The clear, front part of the eye. The cornea is the first part of the eye that bends (or refracts) the light and provides most of the focusing power.

D
Diopter:
The measurement of refractive error. A negative diopter value signifies an eye with myopia and positive diopter value signifies an eye with hyperopia.
Dry Eye Syndrome:
A common condition that occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears to keep the eye moist and comfortable. Common symptoms of dry eye include pain, stinging, burning, scratchiness, and intermittent blurring of vision.

E
Endothelium:
The inner layer of cells on the inside surface of the cornea.
Epithelium:
The outermost layer of cells of the cornea and the eye's first defense against infection.
Endothelium:
The inner layer of cells on the inside surface of the cornea.
Excimer Laser:
An ultraviolet laser used in refractive surgery to remove corneal tissue.

F
Farsightedness:
The common term for hyperopia.
Fovea:
The central point on the retina that produces the sharpest vision.

G
Ghost Image:
A fainter second image of the object you are viewing.
Glare:
Scatter from bright light that decreases vision.
Glaucoma:
A disease of the eye in which increased pressure within the eyeball causes damage to the optic disc and impaired vision, sometimes progressing to blindness.

H
Halos:
Rings around lights due to optical imperfections in or in front of the eye.
Haze:
Corneal clouding that causes the sensation of looking through smoke or fog.
Higher Order Aberrations:
Refractive errors, other than nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism, that cannot be corrected with glasses or contacts.
Hyperopia:
The inability to see near objects as clearly as distant objects, and the need for accommodation to see distant objects clearly.

I
Intraocular Pressure (IOP):
Pressure caused by the fluid inside the eye; it helps to maintain the shape of the eye.
Iris:
The coloured ring of tissue suspended behind the cornea and immediately in front of the
lens.
IntraLase
A brand of laser used in the creation of the corneal flap (an alternative method to using a microkeratome).

K
Keratectomy:
The surgical removal of corneal tissue.
Keratotomy:
A surgical incision (cut) of the cornea.
Keratitis:
Inflammation of the cornea.
Kerato:
Prefix indicating relationship to the cornea.
Keratoconus:
A disorder characterised by an irregular corneal surface (cone-shaped) resulting in blurred and distorted images.
Keratomileusis:
Carving of the cornea to reshape it.

L
Laser:
The acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. A laser is an instrument that produces a powerful beam of light that can vaporise tissue.
LASIK:
The acronym for laser assisted in situ keratomileusis which refers to creating a flap in the cornea with a microkeratome and using a laser to reshape the underlying cornea.
Lens:
A part of the eye that provides some focusing power. The lens is able to change shape allowing the eye to focus at different distances.

M
Microkeratome:
A surgical device that is affixed to the eye by use of a vacuum ring. When secured, a very sharp blade cuts a layer of the cornea at a predetermined depth.
Monovision:
The purposeful adjustment of one eye for near vision and the other eye for distance vision.
Myopia:
The inability to see distant objects as clearly as near objects.

N
Nearsightedness:
The common term for myopia.

O
Ophthalmologist:
A medical doctor specialising in the diagnosis and medical or surgical treatment of visual disorders and eye disease.
Optician:
An expert in the art and science of making and fitting glasses and may also dispense contact lenses.
Optometrist:
A primary eye care provider who diagnoses, manages, and treats disorders of the visual system and eye diseases.

P
Presbyopia:
The inability to maintain a clear image (focus) as objects are moved closer. Presbyopia is due to reduced elasticity of the lens with increasing age.
PRK:
PRK is an acronym for photorefractive keratechtomy, a treatment which uses an excimer laser to sculpt an area of the cornea rather than making a corneal flap, as in LASIK treatments.
Pupil:
A hole in the centre of the iris that changes size in response to changes in lighting. It gets larger in dim lighting conditions and gets smaller in brighter lighting conditions.

R
Radial Keratotomy:
Commonly referred to as RK; a surgical procedure designed to correct myopia (nearsightedness) by flattening the cornea using radial cuts.
Refraction:
A test to determine the refractive power of the eye; also, the bending of light as it passes from one medium into another.
Refractive Errors:
Imperfections in the focusing power of the eye, for example, hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism.
Refractive Power:
The ability of an object, such as the eye, to bend light as light passes through it.
Retina:
A layer of fine sensory tissue that lines the inside wall of the eye. The retina acts like the film in a camera to capture images, transforms the images into electrical signals, and sends the signals to the brain.

S
Sclera:
The tough, white, outer layer (coat) of the eyeball that, along with the cornea, protects the eyeball.
Spherical Aberrations:
The deviation of light rays through lenses that cause images to be blurred.
Stroma:
The middle, thickest layer of tissue in the cornea.

V
Visual Acuity:
The clearness of vision; the ability to distinguish details and shapes.
Visual Aberrations:
A defect of focus, such as blurring in an image.
Vitreous Humor:
The transparent, colorless mass of gel that lies behind the lens and in front of the retina and fills the center of the eyeball.

W
Wavefront:
A measure of the total refractive errors of the eye, including nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, and other refractive errors that cannot be corrected with glasses or contacts.